Stage 5: Electrical Components

Every circuit is built from components, and this stage introduces the ones you’ll encounter most often. Starting with the three passive components — resistors, capacitors, and inductors — you’ll learn what each one does, how it works, and where it’s used in real circuits.

From there, you’ll explore diodes (one-way valves for electricity, including LEDs), transistors (the foundation of all digital electronics), relays and contactors (electrically operated switches for controlling heavy loads), and transformers (the devices that make long-distance power delivery possible).

The stage wraps up with fuses and circuit breakers — the critical safety devices that protect wiring from dangerous overcurrent. By the end, you’ll be able to identify and understand the role of every major component in a circuit.